Polygon Bridged USDC (Polygon PoS) (USDC.E)
Core Definition and Technology
USDC.e is the bridged version of USD Coin (USDC) on the Polygon network via the Polygon Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Bridge. USDC.e is not a new or different token from the original USDC, but rather the same asset that has been bridged to function on the Polygon network.
Bridge Technology and Mechanism
The Polygon PoS Bridge creates a two-way street between Ethereum and Polygon: users deposit USDC on the Ethereum network into the Polygon Bridge contract, the bridge locks these tokens in the contract on Ethereum, an equivalent amount of USDC.e is minted on the Polygon network, users can then use USDC.e within the Polygon ecosystem, and when bridging back to Ethereum, USDC.e is burned on Polygon and the original USDC is released on Ethereum. This mechanism ensures that USDC.e maintains its 1:1 backing with US dollars, as each USDC.e token is backed by a USDC token locked in the bridge contract on Ethereum.
Primary Use Cases and Applications
USDC.e maintains a 1:1 peg with the US dollar, offering users the benefits of USDC with the speed and lower transaction costs of the Polygon network. Native USDC on Polygon PoS is utilized across decentralized finance (DeFi) applications including lending protocols like AAVE and Compound, decentralized exchanges (DEXs) such as Curve, Quickswap, and Uniswap for liquidity provision, trading, and yield farming, as well as payments facilitating low-cost, near-instant global payments for cross-border transactions.
Exchanges, digital wallets, institutional traders, and developers can access USDC on Polygon PoS for use cases including making low-cost payments and remittances globally that can settle in seconds, 24/7 trading, borrowing, and lending on apps like Aave, Uniswap, and Quickswap, enabling users to hold savings in digital dollars without needing a traditional bank account, and allowing businesses to readily access on/off-ramps for converting fiat currency to USDC on Polygon PoS.
Founding Team and Project History
The Matic Network was launched in 2017 by four software engineers: Jaynti Kanani, Sandeep Nailwal, Anurag Arjun, and Mihailo Bjelic. USDC launched on the Ethereum mainnet in September 2018 as a partnership between Circle and Coinbase through the co-founding of the CENTRE Consortium.
In 2023, Circle (the issuer of USDC) announced native USDC support for Polygon, which created a distinction between the bridged USDC.e and the new native USDC on Polygon. This development is part of a broader trend of stablecoin issuers deploying their tokens natively on multiple blockchains rather than relying solely on bridged versions.
Tokenomics: Supply and Distribution
The supply of USDC.e grows organically as users bridge USDC from Ethereum to Polygon. The distribution of USDC.e is determined entirely by user demand for USDC on Polygon. When more users want to use USDC on Polygon, more USDC.e is minted through the bridging process. Conversely, when users bridge back to Ethereum, USDC.e is burned, reducing the supply.
USDC on Polygon is backed 1:1 by USDC locked in the Polygon PoS bridge protocol on the Ethereum chain. USDC has an uncapped supply but has inflation control or burn mechanisms in place.
Consensus Mechanism and Network Security
Polygon PoS leverages a hybrid approach that combines the security guarantees of Ethereum's mainnet with the scalability benefits of PoS networks. In the Polygon PoS model, a set of independent validators is responsible for block production and transaction validation. These validators are selected based on their stake in the network, with higher-staked participants having a greater chance of being chosen to create blocks. This PoS-based block production process eliminates the need for energy-intensive mining activities and allows for faster block creation and confirmation times.
Polygon employs a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithm called Proof-of-Stake Checkpointing to ensure decentralization and prevent any single entity from gaining excessive control. This algorithm involves a process where the network consensus is decided by a selected set of validators who take turns proposing and voting on checkpoints. These checkpoints are periodically added to the Ethereum mainnet, providing a secure anchoring point for the Polygon PoS network.
The bridge relay mechanism is run by the Polygon PoS validators who need ⅔ to agree on the locked token event on Ethereum to mint the corresponding token amount on Polygon PoS.
Key Partnerships and Ecosystem Integrations
Stripe integrated crypto payments using Polygon PoS, enabling USDC payments at over three million locations worldwide and reducing transaction fees for merchants. By February 2023, the blockchain was doing business with large companies such as Starbucks and Mastercard.
In April 2023, Polygon and Google Cloud formed a multi-year strategic alliance to accelerate the adoption of Polygon protocols, enhancing the development of Web3 products and decentralized applications.
The most popular exchange to buy and trade Polygon Bridged USDC (Polygon PoS) is Uniswap V4 (Polygon), where the most active trading pair USDC.E/USDC has a trading volume of $11,393,536.53 in the last 24 hours. Other popular options include Uniswap V3 (Polygon) and DODO (Polygon).
Competitive Advantages and Unique Value Proposition
This process maintains the dollar-backed stability of USDC while allowing users to benefit from Polygon's faster transactions and lower fees. USDC on Polygon offers fast and efficient transactions, typically at a fraction of the cost of sending USDC on the Ethereum network.
Designed by Circle, the issuers of USDC, Bridged USDC Standard is a specification and process for deploying an upgradeable version of bridged USDC on EVM chains. As an out-of-the-box integration, Bridged USDC Standard means any chain developed with Polygon CDK will have a clear path for future upgradability to native USDC.
Current Development Activity and Future Roadmap
Circle intends to bring Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) to Polygon PoS after the launch of native USDC. Upon integration into the Polygon PoS Bridge, this will enable USDC to move natively to and from Ethereum (and many other supported chains) in minutes – no more withdrawal delays.
On November 10th, Circle will discontinue support of deposits and withdrawals for bridged USDC.e on Polygon PoS for Circle Mint and its APIs, including Express. After that time, only native USDC will be supported moving forward. Over time, native USDC liquidity will grow and replace the bridged USDC liquidity that comes from Ethereum via the Polygon PoS Bridge.
In January 2024, Polygon announced a new protocol called AggLayer that aims to aggregate zero-knowledge proofs (ZK-proofs) from multiple blockchains and allow developers to connect layer 1 and 2 blockchains to merge them into a single network.
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