Buterin Unveils “quantum resistance roadmap” for Ethereum

• Buterin identified BLS, KZG, ECDSA, and ZK proofs as Ethereum’s four quantum-vulnerable layers.
• The roadmap replaces BLS and KZG with hash-based signatures and STARK-based systems under a Lean model.
• While the quantum threat is theoretical, Ethereum developers are acting early.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has outlined a quantum resistance roadmap that targets four vulnerable areas in the network.

These include consensus-layer BLS signatures, KZG-based data availability, ECDSA account signatures, and certain zero-knowledge proof systems.

He has warned that meaningful quantum risk could emerge before 2028. Large-scale quantum machines are not active yet, but research progress has forced protocol-level planning now rather than later.

Now, the quantum resistance roadmap.

Today, four things in Ethereum are quantum-vulnerable:

* consensus-layer BLS signatu…

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