Vitalik Buterin Reignites 51% Attack Debate, Clarifies What It Can and Can’t Do

• Buterin said a 51% attack cannot make an invalid blockchain valid.
• Colluding validators cannot steal user assets on-chain, he added.
• Risk stays if users outsource decisions to a validator set; slashing raises the cost.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has triggered a round of discussion with his latest post about 51% attacks on blockchain. Buterin, who classified his latest post as a reminder, noted that a 51% attack “cannot make an invalid blockchain valid.”

Regular reminder:

A key property of a blockchain is that even a 51% attack *cannot make an invalid block valid*. This means even 51% of validators colluding (or hit by a software bug) cannot steal your assets.

However, this property does not carry over if you start trusting…

— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) October 26, 2025

Related: Vitalik Buterin “Respects” Steak ‘n Shake’s Decision Not to …

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